Often the term project management is used to define the entire field of work that is focused on the delivery of project results. Others use it to describe traditional management practices or technical management prac-tices, simply transferring those practices from organizational operations to
FIGURE 1-1 Role of project management in organizations. The authority, role, resources, and title given to project management vary by type of organizational structure. (PMBOK Guide 2004)
projects. The field of project management encompasses the planning and execution of all sorts of projects, whether they are construction planning and execution, events planning and execution, design planning and execu-tion, development of new products, creation or design of complex tools, mitigation of negative effects such as radiation cleanup, or the exploration and production of new resources. Large and small projects alike are includ-ed in the field, as are simple projects, sophisticated projects, and complex projects. Complex projects are easy to identify as legitimate projects, but there is a gray area where it is more difficult to determine whether we are addressing a project or simply a refinement of “operations.” Why would we want to know? The rules are different, and the roles are different.
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